Translation 4

Metaphors
Metaphors link two unrelated things that are not normally linked. This linking does not create an open, or simple, comparison. Instead, it creates a hidden one where you are saying something is equal to something else, even though the two are clearly not the same thing. Consider the following example:

Example:

1. Max is a pig when he eats.
2. You are my sunshine.
3. It’s raining cats and dogs.
4. Even a child could carry my dog around for hours. He is a feather.
5. He is the Tiger Woods of his golf team.

Similes
Like metaphors, similes connect two unrelated things. Unlike metaphors, a simile connection is not the equivalent of an equal sign. Instead, it is meant to highlight a similarity and suggest that one thing is like another. This connect is an open, simple one. Similes are normally identified by the word “like” or “as.” See the below examples:

Example:

1. During the awful, horrifying accident, he remained as cool as a cucumber. (as cool as a cucumber to be calm and relaxed, especially in a difficult situation.)
2. As he never ate much, his arms were as thin as a rake. (as thin as a rake very thin)
3. That devilish monkey which stole my banana was as bold as brass! (as bold as brass very brave and confident; not afraid to say what you feel or take risks.)
4. The old man's beard is as thorny as a rose bush; I won't touch it! (as thorny as a rose bush very thorny.)
5. He washed his face until it was as smooth as glass. (as smooth as glass very smooth)
6. After finding a bag full of jewels, the young man's eyes looked as bright as the moon. (as bright as the moon very bright.)

Idioms
Idioms have no defining rules. They are, however, phrases that mean something other than the words that create them. Phrases that are common in everyday language and have figurative meanings that are widely understood are idioms. The literal meanings make no sense. Many idioms are also considered cliches because they are used so frequently. If you are using idioms in a written piece, try to avoid those that are overused unless you feel one is absolutely necessary to the purpose of your words. Consider the following example:

Example:

1. She wants to play it by ear. (The idiom is “play it by ear,” and the figurative meaning is to improvise instead of making set plans.)
2. He's been chasing his tail all week collecting data but the report is still not ready. (Spending a lot of time and energy doing a lot of things but actually achieving too little.)
3. The boss examined my report with a fine tooth comb before submitting it to the senior management. (Examining something carefully to not miss out any details.)
4. To ensure a successful product launch, we must get our ducks in a row. (Getting your things well organized.)
5. Now that we have compeleted all the legal formalities, let's get the show on the road. (Putting up a plan or idea into action.)
6. Audition test was conducted by the director to separate sheep from goats. (Examining a group of people and deciding their suitability.)

Translation 3

1. Transference
    Example: - His name is Tiger Woods. --- Namanya Tiger Woods.
                  - I want to meet Mr. Black. --- Saya ingin menemui Pak Black.

2. Naturalization
    Example: - The economy of Indonesia is developing. --- Ekonomi Indonesia masih berkembang.
                  -You have to copy this by using photo copy machine. --- Kamu harus menyalin ini dengan menggunakan mesin foto kopi.

3. Cultural equivalent
    Example: -Ashanty did the baby shower in a hotel. --- Ashanty melakukan acara selapanan di sebuah hotel.
                  -The only transportation in this village is a carriage. --- Satu-satunya alat transportasi di desa ini adalah andong.

4. Functional equivalent, example: 

5. Descriptive equivalent
    Example: -Before Ramadhan, a month when all Moslem people do fasting, comes, doing such a naughty things are allowed.
                  -I saw Marc Marquez, one of Repsol Honda Team's riders, in Mall Pondok Indah yesterday.

6. Componential analysis, example: 

7. Synonym
    Example: -She is in blue. --- Dia sedang sedih.
                  -This toilet is out of order. --- Kakus ini sedang rusak.

8. Through translation
    Example: -Clarissa did meet her friends in New Year's Eve. --- Clarissa bertemu teman-temannya di Malam Tahun Baru.
                  -I get the Pandora Box only by kicking the Giant's eyes. --- Aku mendapatkan Kotak Pandora hanya dengan menendang mata si Monster.

9. Shift, example: 

10. Recognized translation, example: USA - AS, UNO - PBB

11. Compensation, example:

12. Paraphrase
      Example: -Richard said, "I like those things which only I, the one who can see them." --- Richard berkata, "Aku menyukai hal-hal yang mana hanya aku sendiri-lah yang mengetahui hal-hal tersebut. Hal-hal yang mana orang lain tidak mengetahuinya, contohnya dirimu yang tidak diketahui oleh siapapun, merupakan hal-hal yang aku sukai."
                    -What do you call the horses that win derbies? They are the horses that entered the derbies. --- Apakah sebutan bagi kuda yang memenangkan pertandingan balap kuda? Mereka disebut kuda yang ikut serta di dalam pertandingan tersebut, yang mana dengan ikut serta di dalam pertandingan tersebut maka kuda-kuda tersebut memiliki kesempatan untuk memenangkan perlombaan yang mereka ikuti dibandingkan dengan kuda-kuda yang tidak terdaftar di dalam perlombaan tersebut.

13. Couplets, example:

14. Notes
      Example: -p.s.: He is Ockward because he is awkward. --- Namanya Ockward karena dia aneh.
                    -해바라기 is sunflower in English. --- 해바라기 dalam bahasa Inggris adalah bunga matahari.

Academic Writing

A. Title
Comparison of Characterization on Enid Blyton's Novels St. Clare: The Twins at St. Clare and Malory Towers: First Term at Malory Towers

B. Background of The Research
Characters in a novel has an important role. Moreover, this internal point of a literary work determines what kind of moral value can be got from the novel itself. However, in deciding what kind of characters in a novel, then a readers should know also about their characterizations. The books were made by Enid Blyton, St. Clare: The Twins at St. Clare and Malory Towers: First Term at Malory Towers, have unique moral education as these two books were made for people characterization development.

C. Research Question
1. What kinds of characterization are written by Enid Blyton in both St. Clare and Malory Towers?

2. How are the characterization differentiated in both novels?

The origin background is that the characterization the author might make in the characters of the both novels.

D. Research Objectives
Moreover, the research objectives is to find out the characterizations and to compare the characterizations in two novels: St. Clare: The Twins at St. Clare's and Malory Towers: First Term at Malory Towers.

E. Benefits of the Research
There are some benefits would fit this proposal. The first is the theoritical benefits, and the next is the practical benefits. To make it simpler, the theoritical benefits should be that there will be some theories coming up in order to analyze such characterizations in real life. Then, in practical benefits, it should be that people after reading this proposal will understand how people with such characterization develop themselves and we can understand how to face them in the reality life.

F. The Review of Related LIterature

1. St. Clare: The Twins at St. Clare

The two girl twins, Patricia and Isabel O'Sullivan, having just finished school at the elite school called Redroofs, are expected to move on to senior school. While most of their friends at their old school, two of them Mary and Frances Waters, are moving to the equally elite Ringmere, the twins' parents are reluctant to send them to an expensive school as they are afraid the twins might become spoilt and snobbish. Furious at their parents' refusal to send them to the school of their choice, the twins are determined to be as difficult as possible at St. Clare's.

The twins miss their favourite sports of field hockey and tennis because only lacrosse is played at St Clare's. However, Isabel turns out to be quite good at lacrosse. She is selected by sports captain Belinda Towers despite having defied her earlier.

The twins soon make good friends with the other girls and play pranks on others in the school. Most pranks are directed at Miss Kennedy, their new history teacher for the term, who is a very timid and insecure teacher, though highly qualified. One of the pranks for Miss Kennedy is discovered by Miss Roberts and she punishes the whole form because of it. The class stops playing tricks on Miss Kennedy when the twins accidentally overhear her talking to a friend about giving up her job, despite needing the money to help her sick mother, because she cannot control the class.

2. Malory Towers: First Term at Malory Towers

The story starts with Darrell Rivers, a girl who is about to start her first term at a boarding school known as Malory Towers,checking herself in a mirror.When she arrives, she is sent to the head, Miss Grayling, with some other new girls, who tells them that Malory Towers considers its "successes" girls who become dependable, loving and prove to be women useful to society.Darrell soon learns the names of the girls in her dormy. Jean MacDonald is a sensible Scots girl. Irene is a scatter brain but loves music and maths. She is also very clumsy. Mary-Lou is a quiet and timid little girl, scared of 'almost' everything. Alicia Johns is a cunning, smart and funny girl, known for entertaining the first-formers with her pranks and sharp comments. Gwendoline Mary Lacey is a selfish,mean girl, boastful of her ways as she has been spoilt by her mother and mistress. Sally Hope is a closed up girl and keeps herself to herself, with no interests. Katherine is the head girl and is good at it. Emily Lake is a quiet girl whose only real interest is elaborate embroidery and sewing. Violet is another girl in the form and doesn't feature in the books much.Darrell herself was the tenth girl in the dormitory. Darrell wants to be a success, but is distracted by Alicia Johns, falling lower in her place in class and playing tricks on the staff. However, things are still going all right for Darrell, which is not the same story for the other new girls, Gwendoline Mary Lacey and Sally Hope. Gwen is spoilt and not liked, while Sally is withdrawn and unfriendly. Darrell tells Sally that their mothers know each other, and isn't Sally's new baby sister lovely? But strangely Sally angrily states she has no baby sister, and she wouldn't want one either. Gwen envies Darrell's improving steps as Darrell is considered as a proper first-former whereas Gwen is teased because of her ways.

A few chapters in we see Darrel's temper rise against Gwen.Gwen is not good at lessons or sports. Mary-Lou, a girl scared of everything, is held down in the water cruelly by Gwen, because Gwen, angry of being teased all the time, sees a moment of superiority in teasing her . Darrell seemingly 'rescues' Mary-Lou and gives Gwen a horrible shaking for teasing her.She even flares up at Katherine for not punishing people like Gwendoline and making sure that they learned their lesson.

Darrell regrets her lose of temper and makes amends so the girls like her again , but Gwen is reluctant to apologise to Mary-Lou. Gwen is becoming more unpopular, and is jealous of Darrell. Mary-Lou suddenly springs up a complete adoration of Darrell, as she truly believed that she had been drowning. She follows her around everywhere and desperately tries to befriend her. Unfortunately however, this only ends up in annoying Darrell.

Darrell wanted to take Mary-Lou out for half-term but she was going with Gwendoline and was too scared to tell Gwen that she wanted to go with Darrell. Next Darrell asks Sally if she would like to go out but she refuses. At half-term Darrell takes out the quiet Emily. Darrell sees Sally later that night. She says that Sally does have a baby sister, as her mother has just told her. Sally again denies it, the girls argue,Sally attempts to leave by giving Darrell a slight push but an angry Darrell pushes Sally so hard she flies across the room. The next morning Sally is in the San, seriously ill. Darrell is very worried as she thinks her push caused her illness. She prays for Sally and tries to keep updated on her health with constant questioning the teachers and matron. Late at night, a sleepless Darrell takes a walk, only to fall asleep behind some heavy curtains while hiding. She wakes up to her father's voice talking to Mrs. Grayling. She jumps out and hugs her astonished father.

Things are sorted out when Darrell's father explains that he came to operate on Sally and says it was not Darrell's push that made Sally ill. She had, in fact, appendicitis and had to get her appendix removed. Sally admits to Darrell she does have a sister but only pretended because she was jealous of sharing her mother with the baby. Darrell talks to her about her own sister and Sally experiences a change of idea. Sally's mother comes to visit Sally and Sally is no longer jealous and back to her own self. Darrell and Sally become friends.

Darrell visits Sally almost every day and decides, to boost Mary-Lou's confidence ,they would be nice to her and think up a plot to help her.Darrell discusses it with Alicia only to discover that Alicia isn't interested in boosting Mary-Lou's ego and claims that Darrell's idea wouldn't work and tries to point out flaws in the plan. Darrell thought they were good points but Sally ignores them-much to Alicia's annoyance. Darrell swims in a quiet part of the pool so that only Mary-Lou would be there to save her. Darrell was supposed to pretend to have difficulties in the water so Mary-Lou would throw in the float, the problem was, the float was off to be mended. So Mary-Lou, an awful swimmer who was generally scared of everything jumped in to save her fully clothed.

A jealous spiteful Gwen forms a wicked plan to tease Mary-Lou and frame Darrell and Alicia.Gwen pretends to become best friends with Mary-Lou and at the same time does horrid things to her, she places a spider in her desk, takes her pens and prayer book, cuts her racket strings and even tears off buttons from her shirts. Gwen does this all behind Mary-Lou's back and plants false evidence against Alicia and Darrell.However,nobody believes it to be their work. Finally Gwen takes Mary-Lou's favorite pen and smashes it by stamping on it. She quickly gets rid of her inky shoes in a old sports cupboard and smears Darrell's shoes with ink. When the first-formers see the smashed pen they conclude that the culprit will have ink on their shoes. They find Darrell's shoes and accuse her of smashing Mary-Lou's pen. Darrell tries to make everybody believe she didn't do it but the first-formers conclude that she did it in a fit of horrible rage and refuse to believe her. Even Alicia refuses to believe Darrell which breaks Darrell's courage as she wanted Alicia to be her friend. Only Sally and Mary-Lou, herself, stand by Darrell. Determined to help Darrell, Mary-Lou sneaks out of their dorm at night, conquering her fear of the dark, and finds Gwen's inky shoes and the bottle of ink she used to smear Darrell's shoes. Satisfied, Mary-Lou takes the evidence and goes to bed.In the morning she reveals the truth to the first-formers who decide that Gwen must buy Mary-Lou a new pen and forgive her. The term ends with Darrell turning down Alicia's friendship and claiming to become Sally's' and Mary-Lou's friend. She leaves by train with Sally whilst Mary-Lou goes by car, promising she'll be back next term.

The object of this study is a Novel. It is more focused to the characters and characterizations in the novel. 
Meanwhile, the Research Instruments for this proposal is using Content Analysis Technique.

The quotations adapted from the book are:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Meanwhile, the sources of this proposal are coming from:

1. Clearinghouse, Eric.2002.Developing Character through Literature: A Teacher's Resource Book.Office of Educational Research and Improvement (ED): Washington DC.